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Dynamic range is the range of tones the sensor can capture. Cameras with low dynamic range will often show 'blown' highlights or blocked-in shadows. This test is carried out in controlled conditions using DxO hardware and analysis tools.
Dynamic range is measured in exposure values (EV). The higher the number the wider the range of brightness levels the camera can capture. This falls off with increasing ISO settings because the camera is having to amplify a weaker signal. Raw files capture a higher dynamic range because the image data is unprocessed.
JPEG analysis: The X-A2's JPEGs have a much narrower range of tones than comparable files from the Sony A5100, Panasonic GM1 and Nikon D3300, but we've seen this many times before with Fuji JPEGs, which tend to have stronger mid-tone contrast for a more dynamic appearance.
Raw analysis: After conversion to TIFF the X-A2's raw files have a much wider dynamic range than its JPEGs indicating that they contain many more tones and smoother tonal gradations.
